Carers and pharmacists confused about paracetamol doses for overweight kids |  |
- Carers and pharmacists confused about paracetamol doses for overweight kids
- Pakistani son gives new life to mother on his birthday
- Marital separation an alternative to divorce for poor people
- National education policy -- oh, how it's changed
- Action against Punjab health officials for infant's death
- Child marriages are rampant in Odisha, says health survey
- Magnetic turbulence trumps collisions to heat solar wind
- New public-private partnership aims to help revitalize manufacturing
| Carers and pharmacists confused about paracetamol doses for overweight kids Posted: 20 Aug 2012 05:00 AM PDT ( From http://www.rxpgnews.com ) The correct therapeutic dose is important for this commonly used painkiller, say the authors, because it is potentially fatal to give too high a dose; and too low a dose may result in more serious illness. The authors surveyed 45 carers and 28 community pharmacists to find out what dose of paracetamol they thought would be appropriate for an eight year old child, weighing 25, 32, or 50 kg. They also observed the doses given to 86 children, one in three of whom was overweight/obese, in the emergency care department of a specialist children's hospital. The recommended paracetamol dose for children ranges between 15 and 20 mg/kg every 4 to 6 hours, up to a maximum of 60 mg/kg per day - extended to 90 mg/kg per day if under medical supervision. But these doses are for children who are average/normal weight for their age. Current expert opinion suggests that doses should be reduced in children who are more than 120% above their ideal body weight, but it is unclear whether children should be dosed according to their actual, rather than their ideal, body weight, say the authors. The survey results showed that while most carers and pharmacists knew the correct dose for a normal weight child, their responses varied widely as the hypothetical child's weight increased. By the time they were faced with the third scenario of the 50 kg child, the pharmacists recommended a twofold variation in dose; and one in four carers did not even answer the question. When the doses were corrected according to actual and ideal body weight, for scenarios 1 and 2, all the recommended doses fell within the safe range of 10 and 20 mg/kg. But when it came to the heaviest child in scenario 3, one in three carers (36%) and one in four (24%) pharmacists underdosed when corrected for actual body weight. And when corrected for ideal body weight, almost two out of three carers and three out of four pharmacists would have given the child a dose above 20... http://www.rxpgnews.com |
| Pakistani son gives new life to mother on his birthday Posted: 19 Aug 2012 07:02 PM PDT ( From http://www.rxpgnews.com ) New Delhi, Aug 19 - A Pakistani son's donation of his liver to his mother has left the woman cured of cirrhosis, doctors at Sir Gangaram Hospital here said Sunday. A team of 21 people including doctors and other staff of Sir Ganga Ram Hospital successfully transplanted the liver of her son in the Pakistani woman, Zaib Un Nisa, curing her of cirrhosis of liver August 14, said Associate Director, Hepatobiliary and liver transplant department of the hospital, Dr Naimish N. Mehta. Dr. Mehta said the liver was voluntarily donated by the woman's 27-year-old son Umar Subhani, who works in the office of the chief minister of Punjab, Pakistan. The family lives in Sialkot. Nisa was affected with Hepatitis-C four years ago and was undergoing treatment in a hospital in Pakistan. Hepatitis for a long period damaged her liver completely, Mehta told IANS. The woman was so unwell that she was unable to walk even a short distance. In January this year, the family approached the Sir Ganga Ram Hospital via email. They come to Delhi in February after getting a medical visa, said the doctor. The doctor explained that the operation was technically challenging as Hepatitis C virus had caused damage to Nisa's hepatic artery -. During the liver transplant, the artery had to be reconstructed with a conduit. The conduit was obtained by removing a portion of the patient's right thigh vein. This reconstruction was simultaneously performed with implantation of the new liver so that an arterial supply carrying oxygenated blood was established for the new liver, said the doctor. This operation was complex due to the arterial reconstruction; it took 16 hours, and cost Rs.17.75 lakh, the cheapest rate for a liver transplant in the country. The patient's son told IANS that the hospital staff and the Indian student community had been very supportive. He had pasted notices seeking blood donors in Rajinder Nagar, and many students had volunteered. I have not... http://www.rxpgnews.com |
| Marital separation an alternative to divorce for poor people Posted: 19 Aug 2012 05:00 AM PDT ( From http://www.rxpgnews.com ) COLUMBUS, Ohio - Married couples who undergo long-term separations appear to be those who can't afford to divorce, a new nationwide study suggests. Researchers found that about 80 percent of all respondents who went through a marital separation ultimately divorced, most within three years. About 5 percent attempted to reconcile. But 15 percent of separations didn't lead to divorce or reconciliation within 10 years. Couples in these long-term separations tended to be racial and ethnic minorities, have low family income and education, and have young children. Long-term separation seems to be the low-cost, do-it-yourself alternative to divorce for many disadvantaged couples, said Dmitry Tumin, co-author of the study and a doctoral student in sociology at Ohio State University. Separation may not be their first choice, but they may feel it is their best choice. Tumin conducted the study with Zhenchao Qian, professor of sociology at Ohio State. They will present their results Aug. 20 in Denver at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association. The study involved 7,272 people from across the country who participated in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979, and who were married at some point. The NLSY is a nationally representative sample of men and women aged 14 to 22 in 1979. The same people were surveyed every year up to 1994 and every other year since then. The study by Tumin and Qian followed the respondents through 2008. The NLSY79 is conducted by Ohio State's Center for Human Resource Research for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. The results of this study showed that 49 percent of participants had left their first marriage during the course of the NLSY interviews, with 60 percent having gone through a marital separation. About 80 percent of these separations ended in divorce. The average length of a first separation was 3 years for those who ended up divorcing, 9 years for respondents who were... http://www.rxpgnews.com |
| National education policy -- oh, how it's changed Posted: 18 Aug 2012 05:00 AM PDT ( From http://www.rxpgnews.com ) The way legislators, experts and other opinion leaders discuss the role of parents and schools in reducing educational inequalities has changed dramatically since the Elementary and Secondary Education Act first passed in 1965. Put simply, parents were viewed as part of the problem then, with schools seen as the solution. In recent years, with No Child Left Behind and more school choice options, these roles have flipped. There has been a continued focus on reducing educational inequalities; however, there are stark contrasts in the way policymakers and experts talked about what they saw as the root problems and how to solve them from 1965 to 2001 -- especially the roles of parents and schools, said Emily Meanwell, sociology doctoral student in the College of Arts and Sciences at Indiana University Bloomington. The 1965 Elementary and Secondary Education Act was the federal government's first major education policy and is described by Meanwell as one of the most important education policies in American history. Created to reduce educational inequalities found across the country, its goal was to increase opportunities for poor and disadvantaged children as part of the War on Poverty. It's notable, Meanwell says, that the act did not focus on content or curriculum, explicitly forbidding a national curriculum. Nor did it explicitly address race. Meanwell wrote that race and desegregation already were addressed in the 1964 Civil Rights Act. No Child Left Behind explicitly addresses achievement gaps between racial groups, Meanwell said. The original law was technically race-neutral. The federal education law has been reauthorized eight times, most recently in 2002 with the reauthorization of NCLB. Meanwell analyzed testimony given by a range of experts during congressional hearings in 1965 and 2001. In the early years, testimony portrayed parents as part of the problem when students' home lives and experiences left them... http://www.rxpgnews.com |
| Action against Punjab health officials for infant's death Posted: 17 Aug 2012 09:29 PM PDT ( From http://www.rxpgnews.com ) Chandigarh, Aug 17 - Acting on the report of an inquiry committee which found medical staff negligent, resulting in the death of an infant last month, the Punjab government Friday ordered the transfer of Jalandhar civil hospital's medical superintendent and initiated action against four others. Health and Family Welfare Minister Madan Mohan Mittal ordered that three staff nurses and one emergency medical officer of the civil hospital be charge-sheeted, a health department spokesman said here. All health officials have been held guilty for being negligent in performing their duty. A five-day-old infant died at the civil hospital after she was allegedly removed from the incubator as her parents could not deposit a fee of just Rs.200 at the Jalandhar civil hospital. The Punjab government had ordered inquiries by the district administration and the health department separately. Following the case coming to light, the Punjab government announced that all neo-natal services in government hospitals across the state would be free of cost. The spokesman said that to prevent recurrence of such incidents and to improve child care in the state, 12 special new-born care units will be established during the year -. Fifty new-born stabilisation units will also be set up in all the district hospitals, sub-divisional hospitals and community health centres to provide specialized care to the newborn, he added. He added that all user charges for newborn and their mothers have already been waived off. http://www.rxpgnews.com |
| Child marriages are rampant in Odisha, says health survey Posted: 17 Aug 2012 07:47 PM PDT ( From http://www.rxpgnews.com ) Bhubaneswar, Aug 17 - About six per cent of rural women in Odisha get married earlier than the legal age of 18, according to the latest government survey released here Friday. The annual health survey conducted in 1,798 rural and 566 urban units comprising a total of 4,56,413 households and covering nearly 20 lakh people in the state revealed that the marriage of girls below legal age is rampant in rural areas. It varies from 0.5 percent to 24.7 percent, Bishnupada Sethi, director of census operations in the state, told IANS. The survey found that about 6.5 percent girls in rural areas and 3.2 percent girls in urban areas had got married when they were below 18 during 2007-2008. While 0.5 percent girls below 18 years of age got married during 2007-2008 in Jagatsinghpur, it was found to be 24.7 percent in the Maoist infested Nabarangpur district during the same period. India has been conducting the annual health survey in 284 districts of nine states - Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Jharkhand, Bihar, Chhattisgarh and Assam - to get comprehensive and reliable data, primarily on the health status of women and children. The fieldwork for the survey conducted for 2010-2011 in Odisha has been carried out by New Delhi based GfK MODE Pvt. Ltd and Social and Rural Research Institute -. The survey was monitored by the Directorate of Census Operations, Sethi said. --Indo-Asian New Service jd/ros/vt http://www.rxpgnews.com |
| Magnetic turbulence trumps collisions to heat solar wind Posted: 17 Aug 2012 05:00 AM PDT ( From http://www.rxpgnews.com ) New research, led by University of Warwick physicist Dr Kareem Osman, has provided significant insight into how the solar wind heats up when it should not. The solar wind rushes outwards from the raging inferno that is our Sun, but from then on the wind should only get cooler as it expands beyond our solar system since there are no particle collisions to dissipate energy. However, the solar wind is surprisingly hotter than it should be, which has puzzled scientists for decades. Two new research papers led by Dr Osman may have solved that puzzle. Turbulence pervades the universe, being found in stars, stellar winds, accretion disks, galaxies, and even the material between galaxies. It also plays a critical role in the evolution of many laboratory plasmas, causing diminished confinement times in fusion devices. Therefore, understanding plasma turbulence is essential to the interpretation of a large body of laboratory, space, and astrophysical observations. The solar wind and near-Earth environment provide an excellent laboratory for the study of turbulence, and are the only in-situ accessible astrophysical plasmas. The solar wind is much hotter than would be expected if it were just expanding outward from the Sun. Turbulence is the likely source of this heating. For neutral fluids such as fast flowing water, energy dissipation occurs through many microscopic collisions. As is the case for many astrophysical plasmas, the near-Earth solar wind is thin and spread out, which means collisions between particles are rare to the point that the plasma is considered collisionless. A major outstanding problem is how, in the absence of those collisions, does plasma turbulence move energy to small scales to heat the solar wind. The new research led by Dr. Kareem Osman at the University of Warwick's Centre for Fusion, Space and Astrophysics has revealed how turbulence heats the solar wind. He says: Turbulence stretches and bends magnetic... http://www.rxpgnews.com |
| New public-private partnership aims to help revitalize manufacturing Posted: 17 Aug 2012 05:00 AM PDT ( From http://www.rxpgnews.com ) Penn State will be part of a new public-private partnership aimed at revitalizing American manufacturing and encouraging companies to invest in the United States. The new partnership, the National Additive Manufacturing Innovation Institute (NAMII), is a consortium of research universities, community colleges and non-profit organizations from Ohio, Pennsylvania and West Virginia, and manufacturing firms nationwide. The consortium, selected through a competitive process led by the Department of Defense, will receive an initial $30 million in federal funding, matched by $40 million from consortium members. Pennsylvania and Ohio have long been world leaders in manufacturing, said Henry C. Foley, Penn State Vice President for Research and Dean of the Graduate School. Clean and efficient additive manufacturing represents the future of the industry. The University's research strengths in manufacturing and materials science, and our track record of performance in partnerships with industry, government agencies, and other colleges and universities helped our team win. The institute will help ensure that the Pennsylvania-Ohio region remains an international headquarters for manufacturing technology and jobs in the twenty-first century and beyond. In March, the Obama administration called on Congress to approve a plan to invest $1 billion to catalyze a national network of up to 15 manufacturing innovation institutes around the country that would serve as regional hubs of manufacturing excellence. The National Additive Manufacturing Innovation Institute, which also received the support of Pennsylvania Governor Tom Corbett, is a pilot institute to serve as a proof-of concept of that plan. Additive manufacturing, often referred to as 3-D printing, is a new way of making products and components from a digital model. It has implications for a wide range of industries including defense, aerospace, automotive and metals manufacturing. Like an... http://www.rxpgnews.com |
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