Understanding gender differences in suicide methods |  |
- Understanding gender differences in suicide methods
- Dengue cases on the decline in Orissa
- 200 faculty posts vacant at AIIMS in Delhi
- Most Delhi slums without proper toilets: Study
- No one knows who would foot Anna's hospital bill
- Registry: Do medications which reduce angina
- Evidence in the field of CVD in pregnancy is sparse, but the condition remains a concern:
- ESC pilot registry in heart failure reflects improvement in chronic disease
- Assessing the most appropriate duration of dual antiplatelet therapy after coronary stenting
| Understanding gender differences in suicide methods Posted: 31 Aug 2011 12:00 AM PDT ( From http://www.rxpgnews.com ) Women who commit suicide are more likely than men to avoid facial disfiguration, but not necessarily in the name of vanity. Valerie Callanan from the University of Akron and Mark Davis from the Criminal Justice Research Center at the Ohio State University, USA, show that there are marked gender differences in the use of suicide methods that disfigure the face or head. While firearms are the preferred method for both men and women, women are less likely to shoot themselves in the head. The study is published online in Springer's journal Sex Roles. Although a number of studies have looked at gender differences in suicide risk, few have examined gender differences in suicide methods. Understanding gender differences in suicide methods has important implications for suicide prevention efforts. Callanan and Davis examined the medical examiner's files of 621 suicide cases in Summit County, Ohio in the US, covering a 10-year period (1997-2006). They found that women were significantly less likely than men to use suicide methods with the potential to disfigure the face or head. Indeed, men were nearly twice as likely as women to have used such methods. The researchers also found that for every one-unit increase in blood alcohol level, the odds of using a disfiguring method increased by nearly 10 percent. Gender, age, stressful life events and prior suicide attempts all predicted the use of methods that disfigure the face and head. The authors conclude: To suggest that women are less likely to shoot themselves in the face or head because they are more concerned about their appearance than men is to minimize the significance of the act of suicide. What we do know is that those experiencing stressful life events are at far greater risk of employing an especially lethal method of suicide than those not experiencing such events. http://www.rxpgnews.com    |
| Dengue cases on the decline in Orissa Posted: 30 Aug 2011 10:49 PM PDT ( From http://www.rxpgnews.com ) Bhubaneswar, Aug 30 - No dengue deaths have been reported in Orissa since past four days, and though fresh cases are surfacing, their number has gone down, an official said Tuesday. At least 92 samples were tested Tuesday at Sriram Chandra Bhanj Medical College and Hospital in Cuttack and 86 at Veer Surendra Sai Medical College, Burla, in Sambalpur district. Of these, only four and 46 samples respectively were found positive, an official of the state health department told IANS. 'The number of positive cases has witnessed a decline. A few days ago, it was above a hundred daily. Similarly, we were receiving reports of deaths almost every day,' he said. He attributed the decline to the awareness campaign the government has launched in the affected areas. The mosquoto-transmitted disease has so far killed 23 people and infected 912 others in the state this month, he said. A maximum of 400 people have tested positive in Angul district. http://www.rxpgnews.com   |
| 200 faculty posts vacant at AIIMS in Delhi Posted: 30 Aug 2011 08:56 PM PDT ( From http://www.rxpgnews.com ) As many as 200 faculty posts are lying vacant at the premier All India Institute of Medical Sciences - that serves an estimated 8,000 patients every day, Health Minister Ghulam Nabi Azad said Tuesday. In a written reply to the Rajya Sabha, Azad said that of the 200 vacant posts, the institute has already advertised for 115 positions at the level of professors and lecturers in nursing. He also said that the institute's standing committee on selection held in November and December last year had considered all eligible faculties for promotion. Asked whether operation theatres at AIIMS are closed down, Azad said these were 'temporarily closed for necessary maintenance and upgradation work'. 'Insofar as neurology is concerned, out of seven operation theatres six are fully operational and one is under renovation,' he added. The Delhi-based institute is among the top 10 medical colleges in the world, and serves mostly the underprivileged people who come from all over the country. the institute has over 2,200 beds. The Newsweek magazine has described the AIIMS as an 'oasis of the poor'. http://www.rxpgnews.com   |
| Most Delhi slums without proper toilets: Study Posted: 30 Aug 2011 08:50 PM PDT ( From http://www.rxpgnews.com ) New Delhi, Aug 30 - Most slum dwellers in Delhi do not have access to household toilets, while the community toilets are in a pathetic condition, a World Health Organization - supported study said Tuesday. Delhi Healthy Urban Project was conducted by Sulabh International Academy of Environmental Sanitation and Public Health in east, west and south Delhi. Water supply and overall sanitation too were found to be major problems. 'The slums have no water supply in most areas and there is no regular cleaning of toilets, drains and roads,' Sulabh chairperson Suman Chahar said. 'We propose to initiate the pilot project across the city for developing the localities into 'Healthy Settings' in the overall perspective of promoting Delhi as a 'Healthy City',' said Sulabh's director general A.K. Sengupta. According to the study, most of the drains in such areas were open and overflowed in rainy season, with solid waste management being a big problem. In addition, the residents threw their garbage in nearby parks, aggravating the problem. The report said that on several occasions the residents got dirty, muddy water and only some houses have water filters. http://www.rxpgnews.com   |
| No one knows who would foot Anna's hospital bill Posted: 30 Aug 2011 06:00 PM PDT ( From http://www.rxpgnews.com ) New Delhi, Aug 30 - It was not clear Tuesday as to who would pay the medical bill of Anna Hazare, recuperating at Gurgaon's Medanta Medicity after his 12-day fast, even as hospital chairman Naresh Trehan hinted that a decision on the charges would be taken later. 'He is a decent man. I have immense respect for what he is doing. Let us first see the bills, only then something can be said,' Trehan said. Hazare has been under the medical supervision of Trehan and has not been charged till now. India Against corruption - member Aswathi Muralidharan told IANS: 'Till now, he has not been charged. We can only say who will pay the bill if we get the bill.' 'Even when Trehan had seen him earlier, he was not charged,' she added. After breaking his 288-hour fast Sunday, Hazare was admitted to the Gurgaon-based hospital where he was given coconut water and honey at regular intervals. http://www.rxpgnews.com   |
| Registry: Do medications which reduce angina Posted: 30 Aug 2011 05:00 AM PDT ( From http://www.rxpgnews.com ) Although medication which decreases the risk of angina attacks (chest pain caused by blockage of the arteries that supply the heart), are frequently prescribed in patients who have sustained a myocardial infarction, the possible influence of medication on long-term survival is not known, with the exception of beta-blocking agents, which have been shown to decrease mortality in clinical trials performed 30 years ago. Because antianginal drugs also protect the myocardium against ischemia (insufficient oxygen delivery to the heart muscle), there is a possibility that they may improve the prognosis of patients having suffered a heart attack. There are several classes of antianginal medications, which act through different mechanisms and therefore may have different effects on the clinical prognosis of patients. The French registry of Acute ST-elevation and non-ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction (FAST-MI), is a nationwide survey of patients hospitalised for acute myocardial infarction in France over a one-month period, at the end of 2005. Patients included will be followed for a period of 10 years after the initial heart attack. At three years, fewer than 5% of the patients have been lost to follow-up. Of a population of 3,670 patients included in the registry, 3,262 survived the initial hospitalisation and had a complete prescription at discharge. Among them, 1266 (39%) received antianginal agents other than beta-blockers. Calcium-channel blockers were prescribed to 16% (dihydropyridines 10.5%, diltiazem 2% or verapamil 3%), nitrates to 19%, molsidomine to 3%, nicorandil to 9% and trimetazidine to 4.5% of patients. In addition, beta-blockers were prescribed to 77% of the patients. Patients who received antianginal agents were older and had more severe infarctions than those who did not receive such medications. Three-year survival was 77% in patients treated with antianginal agents, compared with 86% in those who were not. After... http://www.rxpgnews.com   |
| Evidence in the field of CVD in pregnancy is sparse, but the condition remains a concern: Posted: 30 Aug 2011 05:00 AM PDT ( From http://www.rxpgnews.com ) Pre-existing heart disease in pregnancy remains a concern. Complications are frequent and in some cases may be life-threatening for both the mother and her child. In Europe maternal heart disease has now become the major cause of maternal death during pregnancy. As interim data from the ESC's special registry on pregnancy in cardiac disease suggests, the numbers of women at risk is not in decline, mainly because of today's older age at first pregnancy and with it a concomitant increase in risks of diabetes, hypertension and obesity. Professor Jolien Roos-Hesselink, joint chairman of the ESC registry together with Professor Roger Hall (Norwich, UK), reported that the most frequently diagnosed condition in the registry population was congenital heart disease, found in around 60% of subjects. More than 1300 women have been enrolled into the registry so far - from 28 countries and 60 centres; they consist of 869 women with congenital heart disease, 333 with valvular heart disease patients, 79 with cardiomyopathy and 24 with ischaemic heart disease. Professor Roos-Hesselink said that evidence in this field is sparse, with randomised trials impossible to perform: So the only way to improve our knowledge of the factors which determine outcome in pregnant women with heart disease is to gather data on a large number of pregnancies and try to find patterns of outcome which correlate with management strategies. In this way we might determine the areas of danger for both mother and child and the best forms of treatment. It was because of the need to generate relevant data in areas such as this, that the concept of European registries was developed in 2006. Data collection in the pregnancy and CVD registry began in 2008, with information recorded on CVD diagnosis, medication, cardiac complications, obstetric complications, and pregnancy outcome at six months. An interim analysis of these pregnancies was presented at the ESC Congress but,... http://www.rxpgnews.com   |
| ESC pilot registry in heart failure reflects improvement in chronic disease Posted: 30 Aug 2011 05:00 AM PDT ( From http://www.rxpgnews.com ) With the increased prevalence of chronic heart failure (HF), there is a concomitant increase in the number of related hospitalisations; as chronic HF progresses, the risk of acute exacerbation increases. Registries and surveys of HF have been generally conducted in patients with either chronic or acute conditions, but a description of the whole clinical history of patients with HF, including the acute episodes, consequent changes in clinical conditions and management strategies, have not been available. The final results of the Heart Failure Pilot Study, a general registry of the ESC's ongoing EurObservational Research Programme (EORP), now provide improved information on the epidemiology and outcomes of real world patients with this clinical condition. The HF pilot study was a prospective observational survey conducted in 136 cardiology centers in 12 European countries selected to represent the different health systems and care attitudes across Europe. From October 2009 to May 2010, 5118 patients were included, 1892 (37%) admitted for acute HF, and 3226 (63%) with chronic HF. All were followed-up for the subsequent year, and the study was terminated at the end of May 2011. Just 5% of the patients were lost to follow-up. Results showed that, while the mortality rate of patients with chronic HF seems to be improving (7% after one year of follow-up), outcomes of acute HF patients are still unacceptably poor at one year - an all-cause mortality rate of nearly 17% and a combined outcome measure of all-cause mortality or hospitalisation of 35%. The outcome improvement in ambulatory patients with chronic HF could be explained by the fact that European cardiologists prescribe a high rate of guideline-recommended pharmacological treatments, such as the blockers of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and beta-blockers. The study showed that these treatments were not only prescribed appropriately but were maintained over the whole... http://www.rxpgnews.com   |
| Assessing the most appropriate duration of dual antiplatelet therapy after coronary stenting Posted: 30 Aug 2011 05:00 AM PDT ( From http://www.rxpgnews.com ) A randomised multicentre open-label study evaluating the efficacy and safety of prolonged antiplatelet therapy in patients with coronary disease has found that 24 months' duration of dual therapy is no better than six months DAPT in preventing adverse cardiac events. However, the PROlonging Dual antiplatelet treatment after Grading stent-induced Intimal hyperplasia studY (PRODIGY) also found a consistently greater risk of haemorrhage in the 24-month dual therapy group according to all prespecified bleeding definitions, including the recently proposed Bleeding Academic Research Consortium classification. The need for transfusion was also increased in the longer treatment group. The results, said investigator Dr Marco Valgimigli from the University Hospital of Ferrara, Italy, question the validity of current guideline recommendations - which were based on registry data - that at least 12 months' dual antiplatelet therapy should be pursued after implantation of a drug-eluting stent. While we cannot exclude the possibility that a smaller than previously anticipated benefit may still exist in prolonging therapy with clopidogrel for several months after coronary stenting, our study clearly shows that the benefit to risk ratio of prolonged therapy has been over-emphasised. The PRODIGY study was a 4-by-2 randomised, three-centre open-label clinical trial designed to assess the efficacy and safety of prolonged clopidogrel therapy for up to 24 months in all-comer patients receiving a balanced combination of drug-eluting stents (with various anti-intimal hyperplasia potency and belonging to both first and second generation). Patients were 18 years or older with chronic stable coronary artery disease or acute coronary syndromes, including non-ST-elevation and ST-elevation myocardial infarction. More than 2000 patients scheduled for elective, urgent or emergency coronary angioplasty were randomly assigned in a 1:1:1:1 fashion to one of... http://www.rxpgnews.com   |
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